diyijubu linghuiguaozheng

　　1、shenmeshiguaozheng？

　　guaozhengshiyizhongnaofayuxingfangai，yishehuilaiwangfangai、buyijiaohuanfangaihefanfuguimodelequbulvweishouyaotese。guaozhengqibingyusansuizhiqian，sansuicihoubiaoxianjiaozhe，juedadadouertongxuyaochijiudebingyucaolianhechugejiaohuichengchi。

　　2、guaozhenghezibizhengshiyihuishima？

　　shide。guaozhengdezhuanyechenghaoweiguaozhengpuxifangai（asd），guaozhenghezibizhengshiyingwenautismdeliangzhongyiming，“guaozheng”shouyaobeizhongguojidideyixuehechugejiaohuijiesuocaozong；“zibizheng”zeshouyaobeizhongguoxianggang、aomen、taiwandiyuheriben、xinjiapo、malaixiyadengyoucaozonghanyudeguodusuocaozong。

　　3、guaozhengshiyizhongxinsijibingma？

　　guaozhengbushiyizhongxinsijibing，dandajubuguaozhengertonghuiguyisitimu，rurenzhi、qingganhebulvtimu；guaozhengyebushixingqinggujie。

　　4、guaozhengshuyunaleicanji？

　　2006nianqi，woguojiangguaozhengguileiweijinglicanji。

　　5、guojiheguojichucizhenduanguaozhengshishenmeshichen？

　　1943nian，meiguoyuehan?huopujinsidaxuewenmingertongjinglikedafu leo kanner banfalediyipianduiguaozhengdelunwen，waimianluoliele 11 gehaizidebingli，bingchucitichuleguaozhengdeguandian。1982nian，nanjingnaokeyiyuanertongjinglibingxuejiataoguotaichuanshouchucibaogaole4liguaozhenghuaner，erhoujifaguojicunjuan。

　　6、guaozhengdedebinglvshijiduo？

　　jinchao，tianxiaweishenggouzao（who）baogaodehuanqiujunyundebinglvwei62/10000（0.62%），xiangchengyumei160geertongzhongyouyimingguaozhengertong。conglieguobaogaodeqingkuanglaikan，guaozhengdexianshidebinglvnenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhaiyaogaoyuzheigeshuju。

　　7、guaozhengdebingfayouxingbiechabiema？

　　guaozhengdebingfayoujiaozhedexingbiechabie，nanhaidebinglvjiaozhegaoyunvhai，tongsunan/nvdebinglvzhibiwei4-6/1。

　　8、weishenmehuichanshengguaozheng？

　　guaozhengzhijinbingyinweiming。fengxingbingxueyantaoyishaichachuliangduonenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxudaozhiguaozhengdefengxianshenfen，keshibuyizhongshidaozhiguaozhengchanshengdejianjieshenfen。binigongrendeyuanyoushijiyinbianyiyubuliangqingkuangdejiaohuganhua，chugeshizhongshengjianbian（de novo mutation）nenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxushiguaozhengbingfadezhuyin，danxiangxizhibingshenfenhejizhibuming。yantaoshanxian，yixieshenfenrugaolinghushi、yunqizhanran、yunchuqibuliangyongyaohuodazhanghuaxuewuzidengyounenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuzengtianhuanguaozhengdefengxian。

　　9、guaozhengshiyinweihushibuchengzhixingchengdema？

　　bushi。jishinianqian，zairenmenduiguaozhenghaibulinghuideqijian，youxierenyiwei，darenfuyanghaizidetilibutuohuidaozhihaizideleguaozheng，chugeshihaizidemuqin。youyizhongshuofajiaozuo“bingxiangmamaxianshi”，yisishimuqinlengmodebuyutilihuishihaizideleguaozheng。zheileishuofayibeikexuehexianshidianfu，yantaozhengmingguaozhengshiyizhongnaofayuxingfangai，yuhushijiaohuatiliyouguan。

　　10、zhiyaoertongcaihuideguaozhengma？

　　bushi。yantaofaming，guaozhengshizaiertongdanshengqianchanshengde，zaidanshenghoujigeyuezhi3suiqianjianjianshanxianguaozhengbingzheng，youdekaichubiaoxianyutongsuertongwuyi，dangongxiaomanmanshengzhangchanshengguaozhengbingzheng。xuyaozhengshideshi，guaozhengdejiaodianbingzhengnenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuichixubisheng。gurankexueyushishidebingyunenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuzanzhuguaozhengertongbushiqianjin、zouxiangzili，danbingbubiaoxianguaozhenghuizhiyuertongqijian。

　　11、weishenmebunengzaihaizidanshengshizhenduanchudeleguaozheng？

　　shouyaoyouyixiayuanyou:

　　（1）zaiertong1suizhiqian，nenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxujieshidebulvguimoyouxian，duiqibulvfanlihefayuzhuangkuangtingzhijuezexingdezhenduananzhaoqueshao，yebuyouyongdeyiqicecha。

　　（2）guaozhengertongzhong，youhendayijubuzhiliyeyoutimu，liangduojiazhangyinweiduizhilifangaidedanyouerjiangguaozhengshuhule。

　　（3）guaozhengdeshouyaotimuzhiyishicuocishengzhangdetimu，ercuocishengzhangtimubudao3suishibunengwanzhengpanmingde。

　　（4）yijubuguaozhengertongqitoushidefayushanxianyutongsuhaizibuyidezhuangkuang，zhidao2—3suishiguaozhengbingzhengcaishanxianchulai。

　　（5）yijubuhushiduihaizideshenxinshengzhangqueshaochangshi，yiqitoushiqinghu，juehoushibuxinren，xiangzhangwangyiduanshichen，chengguoshizhenduanjiyutuiyan。

　　（6）jinchaoliangduoyiyuandafuduiguaozhengzhenduanchangshiwanshan，queshaochongzudelinchuanglvli，chugeshiduiqingxidedachunqiudeguaozhengbingzhengquerenjianku，shiyibaguaozhengdangzuoshilinshixingjihuandeqingkuangliangduo。

　　12、ruoshidiyitaishiguaozheng，diertaiyoubunenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxurengshiguaozheng?

　　ruoshibumingbaidejiyinchachao，shengdiertaiqiedanghuiyoubirandefengxian。danmeiyigejiatingdeqingkuangbunengyilverlun。tongsulaijiang，90%yishangyouguaozhenghaizidejiating，yenengshengxiatongsuankangdehaizi；ruoshidiertaishengnvhai，debingdefengxianxinggengdi；congtianxialieguodeanlilaikan，chixuliangtaishengguaozhenghaizidelizihenshao。

　　13、guaozhengbingzhengtongsushanxianzaishenmeqijian？

　　anzhaoweishengcunshengweiyu2010nian7yue23ribanfade《ertongguaozhengzhenliaobingyuzhinan》，ertongguaozhengqibingyu3suiqian，cizhong2/3dehuanerdanshenghoumanmanshanxianguaozhengdebingzheng，yue1/3dehuanerlvlile1-2niantongsufayuhoushanxianleshengzhang，bingqitoushanxianguaozhengbingzheng。

　　14、guaozhenghuiwuzhenma？

　　yinweiguaozhengdezhenduanshijiyubulvbingzhengxuefangzhen，yishiwuzhennanyifangzhi。ruoshidafujubeifengshuodelvlihezhuanyechangshi，wuzhentongsubuhuishanxian。zuinenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxushanxiandewuzhenhuishanxianzaimouxieqingkuanghenshiqingdehaizishenshang，tamendebingzhengyounenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxubeidafushuhule。biede，duinianshujiaoxiaodehaizilaijiang，ruoshidianmotixidecaoliantamendeqingkuanghuiyoujiaozhedegailiang，yebianshiweishenmegenzhechunqiudezengtian，shenpangderenhuojiazhanghuiganshouhaizibeiwuzhenle，qishishiyinweihaizidequanshuzhuangkuangguifudejiaoweibaofu。

　　15、guaozhengshouyaoyounaxiebiaoxian？

　　（1）jiaojishengzhangfangmian

　　◆queshaoyubierendejiaohuanhuojiaohuanmiaoji，yuhushiqinzhijianqueshaoningjingmilianganxi；

　　◆yurendazhangshiqueshaomuguangdazhang，henshaohuobunengzidonglaiwang。

　　（2）buyifangmian

　　◆cuocijiaohuanfangai，cuocifayudiaodui，huozaitongsucuocifayuhoushanxiancuocishengzhang，huocuociqueshaojiaohuanxingzi；

　　◆shirenyahuicuoci。bushifanfubierenshuoguodehuahuotingdaodegaobaicideng。

　　（3）bulvfangmian

　　◆zaipingchanghukouzhongxiejuezhuanbianxiqiheguanli；

　　◆lequxiazhai，huihenshizhuanyiyumouxiewupin，huoshiduitedingwupinchugeganlequ；

　　◆daiban、fanfuhuodianlixingbulv；

　　◆qiyuhanjianbulvbaoluoduodong、zhengshilifenli、ziwoanweibulvdeng。

　　16、meiyigeguaozhengertongdebiaoxiandouyiyangdema？

　　guaozhengertongdebiaoxianmeiyixiaowodouchabie。zhilifangmian，congzhishangqueshao40daogaoyu120detianfuzhishang；cuocifangmian，conghaowucuocidaojiqifangshuo、xiongbiannaizhijiaobian；jiaojilequfangmian，congduirenhaowulequdaoduirenganlequdaofansirenjia；lequbulvfangmian，congpingzigaidaodili，congzhuantouwakuaidaoyutu、jiaotongxianlu，conggaobaidaohanqingliechuan，congbushishudaofanrenbunengqijidetuisuanwannianli、kaipingfangheshuziyansuan，congbushizidaoguomuchengsongdeshijitianfu；chuguaozhenghaiziduyoudejiaohuanhejiaojidetetongxingbiaoxianwai，meiyigehaizidebiaoxiandoububuyi。

　　17、guaozhengertongbuhuicuocima？

　　guaozhengertong“hui”cuoci，danbianjiqueshaocuocibuyicaineng。xianxiyoujubiaoming，yuemo25%deguaozhengertongbubaihuacuocihuoweiyiyouxiandebaihuacuocishufacaineng。dianmobingyucaolianhou，genzheshehuilaiwanggongxiaodejinbu，guaozhengertongdecuocicainengyenenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxumanmanshengzhang。

　　18、guaozhengertongzhiliyoutimuma？

　　anzhaomeiguojibingjiezhihefangbeizhongjian2009niandechawenbaifang，yuemo46%deguaozhengertongjubeijunyunzhihuojunyunzhiyishangdezhishang。guranjinchaohaibuhuoluokaodezhudeceshiguaozhengertongzhishangdegongju,yishanggongjidezhishangzhishuyejindaibiaoyigeguce,buguozheigechengguonenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxushenmingjubuguaozhengertongjubeiyutongsurenqunyiyanghuogenggaodezhishang。yeyouyantaobaodao60%deguaozhengertongbanyouchabieshuipingdezhilifayudiaodui。

　　19、guaozhenghuanzhehuiyoujinfanbulvma？

　　guaozhenghuanzhetongsubuhuichengxinjinfanbieren，zhishiyinweiqibuyiheshufafangai，ouranhuiyongyiyufanrendetiliyuren“buyi”，mourenmenbuxiaodeqixuyaohezhiyuandeshichen，huishanxianbulvheqinggantimu。guaozhenghuanzhequanwu“hairen”zhixin，buhuihejiren，queshaodidangbulv，beiyiweishizuiqishideren。

　　20、guaozhengertongdouchugelinglima？

　　guaozhengertonggetichabiehenda，dajububuchugecainengbiaoxian，zhiyaoxiaojububiaoxianchu“gudaocongming”，zaihuihua、leqi、yinle、secai、jijiao、jiqiyingxiang、fangweiqufendengfangmianyouchugetuqidebiaoxian，ruoshijiayigongdaozhidianyupeiyuzhuanhua，zheixiecainengduiqizhiyekaipihuiyouzidongyisi。

　　21、guaozhengertongganshoufangmianyoutimuma？

　　yantaoshanxian，56-90%deguaozhengertongcunzaiganshoutonghejunheng，yishidajubuhuiyouganshoufangmiandetimu。ru，tingzhijuemingan: aihaomouxieshengxiang，duilingwaiyixieshengxiangchugejinghai；chujuehenshi: buaihaoyongbaohuochumo；tongjuehenshi: duobupatong；shijuehenshi: duichugetuxiangdeaihaohuotaoyan、aihaoxieshi、daoshi；bentijuehenshi: aihaozuoche、pazuodianti、xiniuzhuan。

　　22、guaozhengertonggoudangfangmianyoutimuma？

　　jubuguaozhengertongzaigoudanggongxiaofangmianyecunzaizheguominhuodimindebiaoxian，bifangbuaihaocuzhuodekongzhong，qingyiyunche、yunchuan，buaihaobeitui，bulvshizongyaozhuozhumouxiegongjulaiduizhijunheng。lingyouxieaihaoqianhoubaijielanti，aihaozhuanquan，buaihaomozuo、aihaoduizhigoudangzhuangkuangdeng。

　　23、guaozhenghuihebingqiyujibingma？

　　kuayue70%deguaozhenghuanzhehuiyouchabiezhongbieheshuipingdeqiyubingzheng（gongbing）。hanjiandeshijinglifangai、ganzhijuehenshi、weichangdaotimu、zhengshilifangai、zhilifangai、dianxian、mianyishiheng、jiaozhifanmendeng。zheixiebingzhengduiguaozhenghuanzhedehukoupinde、bingyuchengguoheyuhoudengchengshixingchengbuliangyingxiang。

　　24、guaozhengyouyaokezhima？

　　yinweiguaozhengdebingyinhebingfajizhirengbuqingchu，yishijinchaoshangqueshaozhenduiguaozhengjiaodianbingzhengdeyaowu，shouyaoyituobingyucaolianhechugejiaohuishouwan，yaowuyizhiweizanzhuxingdeduizhengyizhitili，rukangjinglibinglei、kangfanmenleiheyizhiduodongleideyaowuduiyizhixiangganbingzhenghuiyouzanzhu。

　　25、zaidazhongchangsuogaidangruohezanzhuguaozhengertong？

　　zuoweimushengren，kandaoguaozhengertongshi，anzhaoqingkuangnenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuzuochuchabiedefanying。ruoshitamenzidonghenidahaozhao，zanmennenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhanshouqianxiaozuochuhuiying。ruoshitamenshanxianleyixiebudedangdebulv，zanmennenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuqinghu，buyaojijiazhangluanchuzhuzhang，ouranchenqinghuyeshiyizhongrongnahejieguan。

　　26、“tianxiaguaozhengri”shiruohehuishi？

　　tianxiaguaozhengriquanchengwei“tianxiaguaozhengcunjuanri”（world autism awareness day），2007nian12yuelianxiguodahuijingyoujinchengjueze，cong2008nianqi，jiangmeiniande4yue2ridingwei“tianxiaguaozhengcunjuanri”，zhizaijinburenmenduiguaozhengxiangganyantaoyuzhenduanheguaozhenghuanzhedecunjuan。meinian4yue2ri，lianxiguohuifabuguaozhengrixuanyangzhuti，lianxiguomishuzhanghuibanfajianghua，tianxiagediyehuitingzhigeleixuanyangtichanggoudang。

　                                  　dierjubu jiazhangbidu

　　1、jiazhangruohenengjinzaofaminghaiziyouguaozhengpianxiang？

　　zongheguojiwaizhuanjiaduijiazhangdechangyi，zongjieleqigeshouyaodechuqizhengxiang，tamenbielishi:

　　（1）haizidaoleliugeyuedadeshichen: bucanbaodexiaolianhuoshihuankuaidexinqing；

　　（2）daolejiugeyuedadeshichen: hemusizhourenhudongdeshengxiang、xiaolianhuoshilianbuxinqing；

　　（3）daoleshiergeyuedadeshichen: duibierenjiaobenshendemingziqueshaofanying；

　　（4）daoleshiergeyuedadeshichen: buyingeryu；

　　（5）daoleshiergeyuedadeshichen: hemusizhourenzishishangdehudong，bifang: zhigongju、rangbierenkanyigegongju、shenshouqunagongjuhuoshizhaoshou；

　　（6）daoleshiliugeyuedadeshichen: bucuoci；

　　（7）daoleershisigeyuedadeshichen: buchengxinyideliangziduanyu（fangzhaobierenhuoshifanfubierencuocidebusuan）；

　　zuoweijiazhang，xuyaoxiaodedeshizheixiezhishigaozhinihaiziyounenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxudeleguaozheng，ruoshihaiziheshilezheixiechuqizhengxiangdehua，zanmenyingdangjinzaodaihaiziquzhaozhuanyededafujihaizizuoyigepingjia，erhoujinzaoqitouxianggandebingyucaolian。keshiyeyaozhengshi，bushishuoyouzheigezhengxiang，haizibianshiguaozhengle，zheizhishiyigecankao。

　　2、shenmechusuonenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuzhenduanguaozheng？

　　tongsulaijiang，gediertongyiyuan、fuyoubaojianyuan、jingliyiyuanzhongdeerkejizongheyiyuandeerkenenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuzhenduanguaozheng。

　　gongrendequanshijuzizhenduanjigoubaoluo: beijingdaxuediliuyiyuan、zhongshandaxuedisanyiyuandeng。

　　3、jinchaoyounaxietiliyibeizhengmingduiguaozhengertongbingyujiaohuiyouyong？

　　anzhaomeiguoguoduguaozhengzhongjian2009nianbanbudeyantaobaogao，jinchaoyoushiyizhongyizhitilishikexuechangshizhengmingduiguaozhenghaiziyouyongde，baoluo: houguobao（antecedent package）、bulvbao(behavioral package)、youerzonghebulvyizhi(comprehensive behavior treatment for young children)、lianxizhengshigansheganyu( joint attention intervention)、shumo(modeling)、tianranjiangshou(naturalistic teaching strategies)、huobancaolian (peer training package)、guanjianfanyingcaolian(pivotal response treatment)、xingshili (schedules)、ziwobulvbanli(self-management)heyigushiweigenbendegansheganyuxingshi(story-based intervention package)。jianlvedishuo，zheixiedoushizaicaozongbulvchanfa(applied behavior analysis, jianchengaba)genbenshangsuochanshengdebingyujiaohuitili。

　　yixieguojijiazhangbinishuzhidetili，baoluo: tupianjiaohuantili（jianchengpecs）、guaozhengertonghebuyiruonengertongdeyizhihejiaohui(jianchengteacch)、dibanguangyin（jianchengdir）heganshoutongheyizhidengdoubuzaizheishiyizhongtiliwaimian，yishi，zanmenchangyijiazhangzaitiaoxuantilideshichen，yaofenqingzhuci。

　　4、weishenmeqitoubingyucaolianqianyaoduiguaozhengertongtingzhipingjia？

　　yinweimeiyigeguaozhengertongdeqingkuangchabie，tingzhipingjianenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxurangbingyucaoliandasuandenidinggengyouzhenduixing。jinchaoguojichangjingchangcaozongdaodepingjiatiliyouguaozhengertongxinsijiaohuipingjia（jianchengpep-3，guojicaozongdebanbenjianchengcpep）、genjicuocihejinxiumiaojipingjia（jianchengablls-r）、cuocibulvpingjiakecheng（jianchengvb-mapp）。zheixiepingjiatongsudounenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuyoujiazhanganzhaohaizidexianshiqingkuangtingzhitianxie，erhouyouzhuanyedebulvchanfashiyuhaizitingzhihudonghou，dechuyigejueduikeguandepingjiachengguo。

　　5、jiazhangruoheheguaozhengertongbuyi？

　　jiazhangshihaizishouyaodebuyigongju，yeshihaizitongxiangshehuideshouyaojiezhi，bunengtingzhibuyishiyijianhenjiaoraoheqingyiranghaizifapixingderenwu，congerdaozhiyixiebudedangbulvdechansheng。jiazhangyifangmianyaoxuehuiyuhaizibuyi，lingwaiyifangmianyaojiaohaizixuehuibuyi，ruoshijiazhangnenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxujiaohaiziyixiehenshigenjidebuyitilijiunenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuyouyongxuejianzheileibulvdechansheng。xiangxizhanlveyou: （1）xuehuichakanhaizidebulv，linghuiqixuyaohegongxiao；（2）linghuihaizizuiganlequdeshiwu，bingzhunquecaozong；（3）jinxiubulvgansheganyuzhanlve，bubipohaizibuyi；（4）jinxiumouxiezhuanyedebuyimiaoji，ru: tupianjiaohuantixi（pictures exchange communication system, jianchengpecs）bianshiyigehenshihaodebuyigongju。

　　6、jiazhangruohezanzhuguaozhengertongchuzhitimubulv？

　　guaozhengertongyinweibuyicainengdequeshao，huijingyoujinchengyixiebudedangdebulvlaijifabierendezhengshi、huodebenshenxiangyaodegongju、huibibenshenbuxiangzuoderenwu。zuoweijiazhang，qishouyaoxiaodezhenduichabiedetimubulvgairuohequyingda，yifangzhitimubulvbianchenglehaizideyizhongbudedangdebuyitili。youyidianhenshishouyao，bianshizaitimubulvyiqitoudeshichenjiuyaotingzhigansheganyu，buyaodengtimubulvyibianchenglechijiucunzaidetimuhuojubeiyanjunweixianxingdebulvhouzaixiangtiliquchuzhi。

　　7、daiguaozhengertongdaochangjihuijiazhangyingzhengshishenme？

　　（1）tizaogaozhibanlvmennidehaizihuiyounaxiebiaoxian，erzheixiebiaoxianyoudaibiaoleshenme。bifang: nidehaiziduimushengrengentadahaozhaohuiwuzhuerduo，bikaishiye，zheishitadeziwoyanhuhebuqingyuanyurenbuyideshufatili，ruoshiduifangchixuzaihehaizidahaozhao，neimojiuyounenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxujifatimubulv。ninenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxugaozhinidebanlv，gennidehaizidiangetoushinenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxubeijieguandewenhaotili，ruxujiunenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxufangzhijihuishideweinanle。

　　（2）yaorangbanlvxiaodenidehaizibushidaoguigui，zhibuguotadebulvxuyaojianjianguifan，ershenweijiazhangdeniyizaiqitoujianjiangansheganyule。

　　（3）youxiehaiziaihaozaibierendejialichuchusanbu，jiazhangyaotizaowenqingchunaxiefangjianshibuxujinrude，huojianjietuofubanlvbabunenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxubeijinrudefangjiansuohao。

　　（4）ruoshinidehaiziduiyouxieshipinguomin，ninenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxutizaogaozhiduifang，huozidongqingqiudaishipinyudashifenxiang。

　　8、guaozhengertongweilainengbaishouqijiama？

　　ruoshiduizhikexuegansheganyuhechixuchengchi，xiangchengyijubuguaozhengertongweilainengjubeizilihukoucaineng，nengzaichengchiqingkuangxiashiye，shixianbaishouqijia。duiqicainenghuodehenhaokaipihecaoliandehaizi，zaimouxiefangmianhainenghuodehendachengji，shixiangengdaderenshengdaijia。

　　9、guaozhengertongnenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxutongsushangxuema？

　　guaozhengertongjubeifalingyanhudejiuxuequanli。yinweikeguancunzaideshehuijiaohuanhebuyifangai，guaozhengertongxuyaokexuedebingyucaolian，xuyaoronghuiqingkuangdechengchi，bingyucaolianchengguoyuehao，jieguanjiaohuidefangaijiuyuexiao。

　　10、haizideleguaozheng，jiazhangyingdangruohehukou？

　　（1）wanwanbuyaobabenshenhehaizifengsuoqilai，yaoranggengduoderenquxiaodehelinghuiguaozheng。bahaizihebenshenguanzaijiali，hemuwaijiebuyi，liangduoshichenshiyinweizanmenganshouweinan，buxiaoderuohequmianlinhaizidetufaqingkuang，huoshihaiziyibazanmennongdejingpilijinle。yaoxuehuiqufuyanzheixierangbenshenyichoumozhanderenwu，tingqixiongtang，daizhejiarenhehaizizourushehui。

　　（2）buyaoguofenzaihushenpangrendeyanshenhuoshishefa，zanmenqishibuxuyaoneixiefumiandegongju。ruoshiniganshoubierendeyanshenhuobulvrangniganshouzida，buganqumianlin，neimojiuyaoxiangyixiangshishenmeyuanyoudaozhide。shiyinweihaizidebudedangbulvhexingdongrangniganshoucankui，rengshibenshendexintaitimu？ruoshishiqianzhe，neimozanmenjiuxiangtiliquzhuanbianzheixiebulv，jiaohaiziyingdangzaigongjiachangsuoruohequyingda。ruoshishihouzhe，zanmenyaogankuaiguijubenshendexintai，zuoweihushizanmenqishouyaojieguanbenshenhaizidechabie，caihuidongyuannishenpangderenjianjianjieguan。

　　（3）xuehuiruohejiezhizhuhaizizaodepixing。zheidianbuqingyizuodao，keshiweilenidejiating，weilehaizi，weilenimendounenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuguotongsudehukou，zuoweijiazhangbixuyaoxuehuizheidian。yaochanfahejihaizidebulvzhaodaodedangdeshufaluzi，yaoxiaodezaigongjiachangsuoruoheshihaizicongfapixingjisubiandeningjing。ouranchen，yixieyinle、dianzichanwu、shipinhezanzhubuyigongjudounenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxudaodazheigegongxiao。

　　（4）duizhibenshendexinqingkaichang，xiaodehuixie，bingqieduizhiaolianshencai。yaoxiaodechakanbenshenshifoushiguofenlaodun，qingganshangshifoushijiangjintouzhi，dedangdijibenshenyixiechuanqidejiyu，zhiyaodangjiazhangdexintaiheshencaiqingkuangjiechudeshichen，cainenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxujihaiziyigeqingsongxingfendeshengzhangqingkuang。

　　                                  disanjubu bingyujiaohui

　　1、shenmeshiguaozhengdezuihaogansheganyuqi？

　　tongsulaijiang，8suiqianshiguaozhengdezuihaogansheganyuqi。cizhong，3suiqianshiguaozhengertongcuocijinxiudehuangjinqi。chunqiuyuexiao，danaofayudekesuxingyueda，yishizaofaming、zaogansheganyushiguaozhengertongbingyujiaohuizuishouyaodegenjizhanlve。

　　2、guaozhengertongbingyujiaohuibaoluojigejubu？

　　guaozhengertongbingyujiaohuibaoluogenbenjinxiumiaoji、jinxiucaineng、zilicaineng、goudangmiaojisigejubu。genbenjinxiumiaojizhideshihaiziduishijuefangmiandechakanheshouyandiaohecaineng；cuocidexiaode、shufahebuyicaineng；youximiaoji、jiaojimiaoji、xiaozugoudangdepeiheshuipinghehukouguanlidelvxingcaineng。jinxiucainengzhideshihaizirenzi、xieziheshuxuezheisanfangmiandecaineng，tongsuzhenduixianshifayuchunqiuzaisisuihuoyishangdehaizi。zilicainengshihenshishouyaode，conghaiziyiqitoujieguancaolianjiuyaoguanchuanzaiquanshucaoliandasuanli，zilicainengbaoluolechuanyi、jinshi、shuxiherucedecainengpeiyu。goudangmiaojifangmian，zanmenyaozaibingyucaolianzhongquebaohaizidecudagoudang（pao、tiao、rengqiudeng）hesuimigoudang（chuanzhu、dajimu、koukouzideng）douhuodechongshidecaolian。

　　3、shenmeshicaozongbulvchanfa？

　　caozongbulvchanfa（applied behavior analysis，aba）shiyimenduibulvjilvdeshehuikexue，qidazhizaiyuchanfabinggailiangjubeishehuixinside、kechakande、kezhangliangde、youkeguanjilvderenleibulv。caozongbulvchanfadetesebaoluo: caozongxing、bulvxing、chanfaxing、jishuxing、guandiantixihua、youyongxinghetongsuxing。caozongbulvchanfasuohangaideguimohenguang，tacizhongdeyixiezhunshengbeicaozongdaoguaozhengbingyujiaohuidangzhong，bingqieyouchangshishujuchengchi，dancaozongbulvchanfabingbushiyinweiguaozhengerchanshengde。caozongbulvchanfadejiaodianshilinghuiyugaitingzhidong，qiedangdeshuoshiyimenjiangbulvzhunshengtixidicaozongzaiyouyongjinbuyoushehuixinsidebulvzhong，bingqiejingyoujinchengchangshitililaizhengmingqiyouyongxinghejieqiaganxixingdekexue。caozongbulvchanfachujidaodeyixiebulvzhunsheng，bifang: qianghua、shangfa、jiantui、suzaodengdoushiqishoujingyoujinchengchangshibulvchanfazhengmingyihou，caozongzaijinburenleibulvhehukoupindefangmiande。

　　4、shenmeshigetihuacaoliandasuan？

　　getihuacaoliandasuanbianshizhenduiguaozhengertongdeqiedangxuyaonidingdebingyujiaohuidasuan。tongsuzaiwaiyangyifendasuanweiqiyinian，guojidajubujigoudouyisangeyueweiyiqi。caoliandasuandeneirongzaichabiejieduanxuyaobaoluochabiedeneirong，biranyaoyincaishijiao，liangwentiyi，ruxucainenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuzuidahuadiranghaizihuoyi。

　　5、bingyujiaohuiweishenmeyaofenjieduan？

　　bingyujiaohuineirongliangduo，bunenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxutongshitingzhi，yaoanzhaoguaozhengertongdejieguancainengfenjieduanshixing，zuocaoliandasuanshiyeyaoanbujiuban。tongshi，anzhaoguaozhengertongbawodeshuipingduidasuandexiangxineirongtingzhidiaoji。

　　6、bingyujiaohuidijijieduanyounaxieneirong？

　　zheigejieduanshouyaoshichengligenjijinxiubulv，rufucongzhilinghegenjipeihecaineng。duigangbeizhenduanhuochunqiuzai2suibaibudehaizi，qishou，yaojiaohuitadeshiruohepeihezanmen，yuzanmenchengliganxi。yishizheigejieduantongsuzanmenhuijiaohaiziyixiejianlvedezhilinggenban，bifangshuo: zuohaole、zhanqilai、guoqu、baobao、huihuishoudengjucuo；tongshi，hainenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxujiaohaiziwanjianlvedemuzhipintu，rangtaxuehuizhengliwanju。dijijieduantongsuhuiyongdayaoliangyinqinyigeyuedeshichen，jihaizichengliyigeshangkedefenwei，shuxishangkedezhuangkuang，bingqienenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuzainingjingdeqingganxiapeihejiazhangshixianyixiejianlvedezhiling。

　　7、bingyujiaohuizhongjijieduanyounaxieneirong？

　　zheigejieduandezhongdianshigenjijinxiucainengdechengli，shouyaoneirongbaoluo: cuociheshuohuashufa、jucuofangzhaocaineng、shijuecaolian、youxihejiaojimiaojihefayindegenbanhegaizheng。zheigejieduanshihenshishouyaode，chuqide、zhunquedezhuanyegansheganyunenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuweicihoudejinxiuheyuhoushengzhangdaxiajiechugenben。danzheixiedoushihenshizhuanyede、anbujiubandejincheng，xuyaozhuanyezhiyuanhejigoudechixuchengchi。

　　8、bingyujiaohuigaodengjieduanyounaxieneirong？

　　zheigejieduandezhongdianshijinbujinxiupindehemiaoji。zaizhongjijieduandegenbenshang，jiazhanghejiaoyuannenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxumanmanzengtiannanduhehaizizizhujinxiumiaoji，lianxihaizidelequ、cainenghehukouqingkuang，ranghaizizaicuocirenzhifangmianbawowupingongxiao、xingzhuanghezhongbiedechangshi，zaicuocifangmianqitouyujiazhangcaozongjiaohuanxingcuoci，hejinxiuxiaozushangkedemiaoji。

　　9、bingyujiaohuixueqianjieduanyounaxieneirong？

　　xueqianjieduanshihaizichenglihukoucainengheweijinxiuyubeimiaojideshouyaojieduan，qishouyaozanzhuhaizixuehuigenjihukoumiaoji，xuejianyikaohejiaoraobulv，weizilihukoucainengdechenglidaxiajiechugenben，jingyoujinchengkexuedegansheganyu，zheigejieduandehaizizaicihui、cuoci、jiaojishangdouyoubirandeleiji，jiazhangnenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuqitouranghaizijinxiurenzi、xieziheshuxuefangmiandechangshi，danbiranyaoshuncongpingjia、lequhezizhudezhunsheng，renzhijiaohuibushixueqianbingyujiaohuidezhongdian。

　　10、xuexiaoruoheweimeiyigeguaozhengertongnidingtexinghuadepeiyufangzhen？

　　guaozhengertonggetichabiejida，liangduoguaozhengertongnenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuitongshibiaoxianweiduozhongfangai，yeyoujubuertongmoufangmiandecainengguranchaofan，quenanyizaishehuiqingjingzhongchanyangheshunyingxingdicaozong。shiyi，nidingpeiyufangzhenbixuzhengshigetishunyingxing、zhenduixinghechixuxing。

　　zaiqitoubingyujiaohuizhiqiandiyijianrenwubianshijihaizizuoyigecainengdepingjia。jinchaoguojichangjingchangcaozongdaodeyouguaozhengertongxinsijiaohuipingjia（jianchengpep-3，guojicaozongdebanbenjianchengcpep），youxiejigouyezaiyongwaiyangjingchangcaozongdegenjicuocihejinxiumiaojipingjia（jianchengablls-r）huocuocibulvpingjiakecheng（jianchengvb-mapp）。xuyaozhichudeshi，buyitaobingyujiaohuidasuanshiheshiyiqiehaizide，yishizaigetihaizishenshangshanxiangujidebingyujiaohuidasuanbiranheshimeiyigehaizi。zijuecaiyongqiyuhaiziyouyongdetilishibukexuede，yebunenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxushihaizidehuoyizuidahua。zaishixingtexinghuadebingyujiaohuidasuandetongshi，genzhehaizichunqiudezengtian，haiyaozhenzhuoqizhiyehukoushengjishengzhang，kendingheshidejiaohuifangzhenhezhiyeshengzhangfangzhen。

　　11、ruoheshexianghelvlingguaozhengertongjinruhudongdeguanjian？

　　guaozhengertongdehudongxingrenshihecainengjunhenruo，jiaoyuanzaibingyujiaohuijinchengzhongyaozhengshiyuhaizihudong，xiangxizhanlveyou: （1）tingzhizhuanyepingjia，linghuihaizideteseyuxuyao；（2）zhenshidecaiyong，chenglijiechudeganxi；（3）bawohaizizuiganlequdeshiwu，caozongqianghuazhanlve；（4）chenglibujuhuajiangshouqingkuang，zaixiaozukedeshexiangshangzhengshihaizijiandehudongbulv；（5）zhengshimuguangdazhang，caozongyouxi、yinlehezanzhubuyigongju。

　　12、guaozhengertongbingyujiaohuijigouxuzhuangbeinaxiezhuangbei？

　　guaozhengertongbingyujiaohuijigouxuanzhaoguaozhengertongxuyaohebenshenqingkuang，jianjianshezhizhuangbeibaishebingyujiaohuibibeidezhuangbei，yiquebaobingyujiaohuichengguo。bifangzhuangbeiyizhengmingyouyongdegetihuapingjiaruanjianjigongju【c-pephuopep3】、jubuhuochengtaoganzhileicaoliangongju、biranshumubiaogongxiaoxingbingyucaoliangongjuhebingyujucuotili；lingwai，haiyingyoudianshiji、dvdji、guanyinji、shumaxiangji、shexiangji、diannao、touyingyideng；rukaishexianggankecheng，haixupeiyouxiangyingdezhuangbei。

　　13、guaozhengertongbingyujiaohuijigouxuzhuangbeinaxiejiaoju、wanjuhetushu？

　　guaozhengertongbingyujiaohuijigouxuanzhaolingshouhaizidechunqiuduan，zhuangbeiheshichunqiushengzhangfayutesedewanju、jiaojuhetushu。bifangwei2—3suidehaizipeilabi、zhi、jimu、rounendewanju，3—5juhuadeyanlisecaitushu；zaidayixiedehaiziketiaoxuanzhuangbeizhengtaogongjuwanju、dafuwanju、chufangwanjuhehuamiangengpangza、juzigengduodetushu。

　　14、weishenmezaiguaozhengertongbingyujiaohuijigouzhongbiranyaosheyoubaojiandafugang？

　　guaozhengertongqishoushiertong，tamenhukouzaiyudashiyiyangdeqingkuangzhong，yiyangnenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxushangfeng、fare、fuxie、dezhanranxingjibingdeng。baojiandafudeganhuashiduihaizideankangtingzhikexuezhidianhejiance，shishifaminghaizishenxinshanxianleshenmetimu，jinzaofaminghaizidebingbingzheng，xuyaoshizhuanzhenjiuzhen。guoduhuadingyoueryuandouyingsheyoubaojiandafugang，guaozhengertongbingyujiaohuijigouyeyingzunxunlvxing。

　　15、guaozhengertongbingyujiaohuijigougongjidecaolianneirong，haizidouxuyaodaochangma？

　　duiguaozhenggansheganyujishu，jinchaoguojishangtichudeyiyoushangbaizhong。duiciruohejiayitiaoxuan？meiguoguoduguaozhengzhongjian2009nianbanfaleyifenmingwei“guoduguifanhuabaogao”dewenjian。zheifenbaogaodemubiaoshixiangjiazhang、jiaohuijiaheqiyuzhuanyezhiyuangongjiduiguaozhenghuanzhegansheganyudeyouyongxinganzhao。“guoduguifanhuabaogao”deguinazonghexingzongjieshi: yiquerenyouyongdegansheganyutilizhongdesanfenzhiershiwanzhengyicaozongbulvchanfa（aba）zuoweiqixianshigenbenershengzhangchulaidetili，qiyuzeshibulvxinsixueyuxiangganxianshizongheerpaishengdetili。shangshutilijinchaozaiguojiyoujubuyibeitixiyinjin，rucaozongbulvchanfa、guanjianxingmiaojicaolianfadeng。yinweimeiyigehaizipingjiachengguochabie，jigouyaochongshizhenzhuoqixuyao，baoluoshengzhangdexuyao、zhuanyejishuchengchidexuyao、qingkuangdexuyaodeng，gongjiheshidebanshineirong，bubiranfeiyaoquanshudaochangbingyujiaohuijigouneigongjidecaolianmingmu，zhiyaotiaoxuanheshidecaishizuihaode。

　　16、bingyujiaohuizhiyuanyingjubeinaxieqianti？

　　bingyujiaohuizhiyuanyingjubeiyixiaqianti:

　　（1）jubeijiaogaodepindehanyangyuxinsibenzhi；

　　（2）jubeituanduixiezuorenshihejiechudebuyicaineng；

　　（3）jubeibirandezhuanyechangshiyumiaoji；

　　（4）jubeiweidaodazhuanyeguifanerbixuderenwunianxian；

　　（5）shencaiankang。

　　17、ronghuijiaohuiduiguaozhengertongbingyuyouheyisi？

　　ronghuijiaohuinenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxushiguaozhengertongyutongsuxianshengpeihejinxiu、peiheshengzhang，xuehuizuoren、qiuzhi、dizaodeng，shitamencihounenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxutianrandirongrushehui，zizhu、tongdengdidaochangshehuihukou。tongshi，xuexiaohaihuizhenduiguaozhengertongdechugexuyaoyouzhenduixingdigongjichugejiaohuihebanshi，duitamentingzhixuyaodebingyuhemibucaolian，jinlishitamenheqiyuxianshengyoutongdengdejiyu，peiheshengzhang。

　　18、ruoherangxianshengcaiyongguaozhengtongchuang？

　　qishou，yaorangyiqiexianshengchenglizhunquedecanjihecanjirendegudaiwenmingguan，guaozhengtongchuangshishehuidashitingdeyiyuan，yingciyuxiaode、zunjing、guanhuai、zanzhu。

　　zaijiaohui、jiangshouhegoudangzhong，yingchongshichanyangbanjizhongqiyuertongdejiaohuijibangyangganhua，zengjinxianshengduiguaozhenghuobandecaiyong。ru: tiaoxuanjinxiucainengjueduijiaoqiangbingqieyoubiranbanlicainengdeertong，fuzuoguaozhengertongrongrujiangtangjinxiuhegoudang；huoshizaibanneinaizhiquanxiaoguimoneifengxinghuobanjiaohuigoudang，rangcainengjiaoqiangdeertongchongrenxiaojiaoyuan，zaixiaozujinxiu、xiexidengshichenlvlingguaozhengertongtingzhigoudang，chanyanghuobanjiaohuideganhua，shiguaozhengertongganyingyuqiyuxianshengxiangchudehuanyu、buguao。

　　19、duiguaozhengertongruohetingzhijiangtangbulvbanli？

　　suibanjiududeguaozhengertonghuoduohuoshaodihuizaijiangtangshangbiaoxianchuyixieqinraobulv，rulizuo、zhengshilibujihe、fapixing、buanhuadingjianghua、xinsitimudeng。jiaoyuannenggouhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxuhuoxucaiyongyixiatilitingzhijiangtangbulvbanli:

　　（1）jiaoyuankejiangguaozhengertongzuoweijinkenengzhipeizailimenyuan、liweishiyoushaoliangfangaiwudediwei，zuihaonengjiejinjiaoyuanzuo，bianyujiaoyuanshishitixinghezuoxiangyingchuzhi。

　　（2）zuoweisizhouqingkuangzhipeijianlveleran。suiduxianshengsizhoudeketangqiangmian、zhuomianjinkenengshaofangyujiangshouyouguandegongju。

　　（3）jiaoyuanyaoxixinchakanguaozhengertongfapixingdezhuangkuangbingdangzhenchanfaqiyuanyou，chugeshiyaochanfaqixuyao，wanwanbuyaoqujiewudao，yaoyongkuanda、xiaodedelichang，yingjianxiediao、anwendebanjifenwei。shishengpeihecaiyongguaozhengertong，fangzhiqingkuangyalidaozhiguaozhengertongfapixing。

　　（4）chenglibuyixingshi，zhidianxianshenganjingqidenghao（rudianming、yanshendengtili）tixingjianghua。keqianjiaohuishijiaohuiguaozhengertongjushoujianghua，yidanjushoujianghua，dangjiciyuzhengxingqianghua。

　　（5）zengqiangxinsijianshe，gailiangguaozhengertonggangqiang、ziwoanweidengbudedangbulv。dedangdanglingshengzhangzheixiexianshengdebaihuabuyicainenghexiaowozhiyuanshufacaineng，yijiazhongqixinsichengdan。

　　20、ruohejiangwenmingjinxiu、bulvgaizhenglianxiqilai？

　　jinxiushi，qishouyaobubianhaiziqinggan，xixinchakan、chanfa，shizaizhaochuqingganbulvtimuchanshengdeyuanyou，diaojichuzhitili（rugongdaozhipeiqingkuang、danglingdiaojineirong、zhuanbianqingqiu、gailiangtili、gailiangchuzhilichangdeng）；jiaoyuanyaoqianxiaozhemianlinertongtingzhijiangshou，jibianpengdaoertongdeqinggan、bulvtimu，yeyaoduizhijiechudezhuangkuang。dier，yaogongdaozhipeijiangshouqingkuang，rucaozongtedidegeticaolianshi、caozongduoyanghuadekeben、zhangyuyonggeleiganguananwei，fuzuohaizixiaodebingbawochangshihemiaoji；disan，yaocaozongjianlve、qingchuhejianjiedezhiling，baoluoxingdong、bimoshencaicuocihuoqingkuangtixing，jinbuhaizizilijinxiuhegoudangdecaineng；disi，yaozhengshixuejianhaizideziwoanweibulv，runiunieshouzhi、zhuonongshetou、zhuatoufa、daiwangtiankongdeng，mianlinzheixiebulvyaozidongchuzhi，zengqiangbuyi，jiaohaizixuehuiziwojiezhicaolian。